Contraception

Contraception

Pregnancy occurs when sperm reaches the ova (eggs) and forms a zygote. Contraception prevents this from happening by keeping the sperm from reaching the egg or interfering with egg production. Several different methods of contraception are available for both men and women to choose from, based on their lifestyle, comfort, and sexual activity. They vary in their method of action and effectiveness.

Categories of Contraceptives

While all contraceptive options have the same goal, they vary in form and how they work. It is important to understand the different options available in order to make an informed decision suited to your preferences.

The most commonly used contraceptive is the condom. Made of polyurethane or latex, it is available for use by both males and females. This form of contraception is known as the barrier method, and prevents sperm from reaching the egg by acting as a physical barrier. If used properly, it is 98% effective in preventing pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like chlamydia or HIV. Diaphragms and caps which are inserted into the vagina are also barrier methods of contraception.

Some women choose to use hormonal contraceptive methods instead of condoms to prevent pregnancy. Available in the form of pills and patches, this form of contraception relies on the use of estrogen and progesterone to interfere with egg production. The combined pill is one type of birth control pill; it interferes with ovulation (egg production) and implantation of the egg into the uterus by making the uterine walls thinner. Progesterone-only pills increase mucus production in the cervix, hindering the entry of sperm into the body. Hormonal methods are up to 99% effective, if used correctly.

For couples who are certain they do not want any more children, surgical methods of contraception are also available. This includes vasectomy and hysterectomy, which permanently alter a person’s reproductive abilities.

Before you choose a contraceptive method, it is best to openly discuss your opinions with your partner. This will ensure that you are both comfortable with each other’s sexual needs, and are using a preventive method agreeable to both of you.